Estudio transversal: Manejo quirúrgico de Cáncer de Mama en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, Enero 2017- Enero 2018 / Cross-Sectional Study: Surgical Management of Patients with Breast Cancer in José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital January 2017 ­ January 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de mama ocupa el primer lugar dentro de la patología maligna que afectan a la mujer a nivel mundial, representando el 16% de los cánceres femeninos. El manejo quirúrgico del cáncer de mama ha evolucionado a lo largo de los años, disminuyendo la morbimortalidad y mejorando la calidad de vida de las pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el abordaje quirúrgico de las pacientes tratadas en la unidad de Cirugía Oncológica del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal para determinar la prevalencia de las cirugías de cáncer de mama realizadas en la Unidad de Cirugía Oncológica del Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. Se incluyeron variables como edad, diagnóstico, tipo histológico, etapa, localización, tipo de cirugía y márgenes. Se analizaron los datos con estadística descriptiva utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión V24.0. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 66 pacientes en el estudio. Los porcentajes de cirugías conservadoras y mastectomías fueron 56.06% versus 43.94% respectivamente. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el ductal infiltrante (75.74%). Del total de pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de mama el 46.97% fue en etapa clínica IIB; el cuadrante superior externo estuvo afectado en el 72.7% de pacientes y el lado más frecuentemente con tumor fue el izquierdo en el 50%. CONCLUSIONES: El cáncer de mama es diagnosticado con mayor frecuencia en mujeres posmenopáusicas, el tipo histológico más frecuente es el carcinoma ductal infiltrante, el porcentaje de cirugías conservadoras es mayor a las mastectomíasra de Unidad Técnica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, Cuenca ­ Ecuador(AU)

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer ranks first among cancers that affect women worldwide, representing 16% of female cancers. The surgical approach to breast cancer has undergone changes over the years, reducing morbidity and mortality and improving life quality for these patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the surgical approach in patients treated in the Oncologic Surgery unit of José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study to analyze the prevalence of breast cancer surgeries performed in the Oncologic Surgery Unit of José Carrasco Arteaga Hospital. Variables such as age, diagnosis, histological type, stage, location, type of surgical procedure and surgical margins were included. All the data was analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS version 24.0. RESULTS: 66 patients were included in the study. The percentages of conservative surgeries and mastectomies were 56.06% versus 43.94% respectively. The most frequent histological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (75.74%). Of the total of patients diagnosed with breast cancer, 46.97% were in clinical stage IIB; the upper external quadrant was affected in 72.7% of patients and the most frequent location was the left side (50%). CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women, the most frequent histological type is infiltrating ductal carcinoma, and the percentage of conservative surgeries is greater than mastectomies.(AU)

Percepção dos internos de uma faculdade de medicina sobre o câncer de mama e reconstrução mamária / Perception of breast cancer and breast reconstruction in medical school students

Introdução: O câncer de mama é o tipo mais comum entre as mulheres no mundo e no Brasil, depois do câncer de pele não melanoma. O objetivo é avaliar a percepção dos estudantes de medicina sobre o câncer de mama e reconstrução mamária. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal piloto composto por alunos do 5º e 6º ano de curso de medicina, realizado de maio de 2016. Resultados: Foi questionado se há possibilidade de reconstrução mamária após a mastectomia, sendo que de forma unânime 100% foi sim. Para melhor caracterização, foi perguntado se a reconstrução pode ser feita no mesmo momento da mastectomia, 69 (57,5%) estudantes marcaram sim e 51 (42,5%) negaram. Em análise aos conhecimentos cirúrgicos, foi perguntado se os mesmos conhecem alguma técnica de reconstrução mamária, sendo que 49 (40,83%) responderam que sim e 71 (59,16%) negaram conhecer. Em relação ao encaminhamento à especialidade médica mais preparada para acompanhar e realizar a reconstrução mamária, 93 (77,5%) discentes elegeram a cirurgia plástica e 26 (21,66%) a mastologia. Quanto à possibilidade de reconstrução de mama em pacientes que farão radioterapia adjuvante, 66 (55%) responderam sim, 51 (42,5%) não e 3 (2,5%) não souberam responder. Quanto a esta possibilidade mesmo em pacientes com implantes de silicone, 59 (49,16%) responderam sim, 3 (2,5%) responderam não e 58 (48,33%) afirmaram não saber sobre o assunto. Conclusão: Observou-se que a Mastologia vem ganhando espaço na reconstrução de mama, inclusive no meio acadêmico, devido ao alto percentual de resposta de que a mesma seria mais preparada do que a Cirurgia Plástica para reconstrução mamária.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women in the world and in Brazil, after non-melanoma skin cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the medical students' perception of breast cancer and breast reconstruction. Methods: This is a cross-sectional pilot study composed of students from the fifth and sixth year of medical school, in May 2016. Results: We questioned whether there is a possibility of breast reconstruction after mastectomy, and the response was unanimous (100%). For a better characterization, we asked if the reconstruction could be done at the same time as the mastectomy, and 69 (57.5%) students said yes and 51 (42.5%) denied. In the analysis of surgical knowledge, we asked whether they knew any breast reconstruction technique, and 49 (40.83%) answered yes and 71 (59.16%) denied knowing. With regard to referral to a medical specialist who was better prepared to follow and perform breast reconstruction, 93 (77.5%) students chose plastic surgery and 26 (21.66%) chose mastology. Regarding the possibility of breast reconstruction in patients who need to undergo adjuvant radiotherapy, 66 (55%) answered yes, 51 (42.5%) did not answer, and three (2.5%) did not know how to respond. Regarding this possibility in patients with silicone implants, 59 (49.16%) answered yes, three (2.5%) answered no, and 58 (48.33%) said they did not know about the subject. Conclusion: We conclude that mastology has been gaining immense interest in the field of breast reconstruction, including in the academic world, based on the high percentage of respondents who stated that they are better prepared for this procedure than for plastic surgery for breast reconstruction.

Expression of cancer-testis associated antigen MAGE-1 in relation to CD8+ T lymphocytes in breast infiltrating duct carcinoma [NOS]

Breast cancers are known to frequently [over] express several well-characterized tumor-associated antigens [TAAs] such as members of the MAGE-family. In the present study we are aiming to evaluate MAGE-1 expression in breast infiltrating duct carcinoma [NOS] in relation to some other known prognostic factors. We will compare this with MAGE-1 expression in some of the benign breast tumors and tumor-like lesions. We are also aiming to study the relation between MAGE-1 expression and lymphocytic response specifically CD8+ T lymphocytes as a hope for further breast cancer immunotherapy. After obtaining informed consent, tissues were obtained from patients undergoing breast lumpectomy or mastectomy. 132 patients of breast infiltrating duct carcinoma [IDC] [NOS] and 65 benign breast lesions were enrolled in this study. The cases were evaluated clinically by the surgeon and physician and any other information was added from the accompanying clinical data. All cases were studied by the histopathologist and immunostain was done for MAGE-1 and CDS. The malignant cases were additionally stained by estrogjenj-eceptors, progesterone receptors and Her-2 as a prognostic markers. The results were statistically studied and tabulated. In the present study we classified the patients into two groups. Group I: Include patients with breast carcinomas of IDC [NOS] type and group II: Include patients with benign breast lesions. The total number of cases was 197, 35 were males while 162 were females. Age ranged between 18-88.132 of the cases were with IDC [NOS] and 65 were with benign breast lesions. There was a significant difference in V1AGE-1 expression between the both groups, it was more expressed in group I and there was a highly significant relation between MAGE-1 expression in IDC [NOS] and the score of CD8+lymphocytes. On the other hand the relation between MAGE-1 and CD8+ lymphocytes was not significant in group II. In fibrocytic disease [FCD], MAGE was +2 in most of FCD cases and CD8+ lymphocytes scored +4 in four cases, but still the relation between the both variables non significant. We have demonstrated in the present study that MAGE-1 is expressed in some of benign breast lesions and at a high proportion in high-grade, hormone receptor-negative breast cancer, suggesting that MAGE-1 could be an indicator of aggressive diseases and can be a promising tumor antigen for immunotherapy of breast cancer with poor prognosis. On the other hand we suggest further studies to evaluate the rule of MAGE-1 vaccine in benign breast lesions as a preventive therapy

Carcinoma no invasor de la mama / Non invasive breast carcinoma

Se analiza en forma retrospectiva una serie de 1.240 mujeres tratadas por cáncer de mama entre 1974 y 1992, de las cuales 54 tuvieron 55 carcinomas estrictamente no invasores, 7 fueron carcinomas lobulillares no invasores (CLIS), 46 carcinomas intraductales (CID), y 2 carcinomas ductobulillares no invasores. La edad media fue de 51,9 años (r19-77 años). La mamografía fue responsable del primer diagnóstico en 27 casos (49//), y los hallazgos clínicos en 28 (51//). Cuatro de las enfermas con CLIS fueron tratadas con simple tumorectomia sin disección axilar, 2 con mastectomía, 1 con adenomastectomía subcutánea.Los carcinomas intradustales fueron tratados en 24 con mastectomia, 1 con adenomastectomía subcutánea y 21 con tumorectomía, 15 de ellos con vaciamiento axilar. Once de 21 pacientes con tratamiento conservador recibieron radioterapia postoperatoria. Sólo 2 pacientes con carcinoma intraductal desarrollaron recidivas locales de forma infiltrante. La media de seguimiento fue de 221 meses (r 7-551 meses). La supervivencia global actuarial a 10 años fue del 90,9//. Nuestra conducta actual para el CLIS es la simple resección; para el carcinoma intraductal en las formas hitoslógicas no comedocianas y en los casos de tamaño reducido es el tratamiento conservados seguido de irradiación, sin vaciamiento axilar, que reservamos para los tumores grandes de tipo comedo

Recidivas locorregionales del tratamiento conservador del cáncer de mama / Local and regional recurrence of conservative treatment of breast cancer

Se analiza en forma retrospectiva una serie consecutiva de 128 pacientes con cáncer de mama TIS, TO, T1 yT2 hasta 3 cm con NO tratadas con tumorectomía amplia, vaciamiento axilar y radioterapia postoperatoria entre los años 1981 y 1990. Con una media de seguimiento de 54 meses (r=16-137), recidivaron 23 pacientes y fallecieron 9. Las recidivas fueron locales en 14, regionales en 1, y a distancia en 8. Cinco pacientes con recidivas locales tuvieron metástasis. Las recidivas locorregionales fueron más frecuentes en premenopáusicas (p=0.009). La mayoría de las recidivas locales (85%), aparecieron en la zona de la cicatriz primaria. El salvataje local fue posible en 2/15 pacientes. La supervivencia global actuarial fue del 91.9%y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad actuarial del 81.5%. La posibilidad de permanecer libre de metástasis para los pacientes con recidivas locales disminuyó significativamente (p=0.008)